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Grade 8/ Mathematics/ We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply
Chapter 6 · NCERT Class 8 Ganita Prakash

We Distribute, Yet Things Multiply

One small rule — multiply each part, then add — runs through all of algebra. It turns 7 × 103 into easy mental maths, expands brackets, and powers the famous identities like (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b². Tap each idea to see how it works.

📐 3 topics⏱ ~25 min📝 12-question quiz
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The six ideas of distributing

From the basic law to the identities that save time. Tap each term to see what it means and a quick example.

Explore · Distribute & multiplytap a term

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The three big ideas

  • Multiplication distributes over addition: a × (b + c) = a×b + a×c. It works for subtraction too: a(b − c) = ab − ac.
  • Picture it as area: a rectangle a wide and (b + c) long splits into two rectangles of area a×b and a×c — same total.
  • It makes mental maths easy: 7 × 103 = 7 × (100 + 3) = 700 + 21 = 721.

Worked example. Use the distributive law to find 25 × 98.

1. Write 98 as 100 − 2.

2. 25 × (100 − 2) = 25×100 − 25×2 = 2500 − 50.

3. = 2450.

  • A term is a number, a variable or their product (like 3x or −2xy); its number part is the coefficient. Like terms have the same variable part and can be combined: 3x + 5x = 8x, but 3x and 3x² cannot be added.
  • Multiply monomials by multiplying coefficients and adding exponents: 2x × 3x = 6x²; 4a × 5b = 20ab.
  • Monomial × bracket uses the distributive law: 3x(x + 4) = 3x² + 12x.
  • Bracket × bracket — every term in the first multiplies every term in the second: (x + 2)(x + 3) = x² + 3x + 2x + 6 = x² + 5x + 6.

Worked example. Expand (x + 5)(x + 3).

1. Multiply each pair: x·x + x·3 + 5·x + 5·3.

2. = x² + 3x + 5x + 15.

3. Combine like terms: x² + 8x + 15.

  • (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
  • (a − b)² = a² − 2ab + b²
  • (a + b)(a − b) = a² − b²
  • These are just the distributive law done once and remembered. They turn hard multiplications into quick ones: 102² = (100 + 2)² = 10000 + 400 + 4 = 10404.

Worked example. Use an identity to compute 97 × 103.

1. Notice 97 = 100 − 3 and 103 = 100 + 3.

2. Use (a − b)(a + b) = a² − b²: (100 − 3)(100 + 3) = 100² − 3².

3. = 10000 − 9 = 9991.

Common mistake: writing (a + b)² as a² + b². The correct expansion has the middle term: (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b².

Where you'll meet it

Distributing at work

Fast mental maths

Splitting a number into easy parts is how people multiply quickly in their heads at the shop: 6 × 99 = 6 × 100 − 6 = 594. The distributive law is the trick behind it.

Areas in parts

A field or floor that is built in sections has a total area like x(x + 5). Expanding it to x² + 5x lets you cost materials for the whole plot in one expression.

The base of algebra

Every later topic — solving equations, factorising, graphing — leans on expanding and the identities. Master these and the rest of algebra reads much more easily.

Check yourself

Competency quiz

Modelled on the competency-based pattern — MCQ, assertion–reason and a case study, testing whether you can use the ideas, not just recall them.

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Interactive built to the OpenMAIC approach (THU-MAIC, MIT). Content from the NCERT Class 8 Ganita Prakash textbook (ncert.nic.in).

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