Data Handling | Maths Grade 4 CBSE

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Six data ideas

Data is collected, then shown so it is easy to read. Tap each term to see what it means.

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Data is the facts we collect, like the favourite fruit of each child.
Tally marks are quick strokes; every fifth stroke crosses the other four to make a bundle of 5.
Tallies make counting large groups fast and tidy.

Worked example. Tallies for mango show two bundles of five and three more strokes. How many chose mango?

Two bundles of 5 is 10, plus 3 more is 13 children.

A pictograph shows data with pictures, where one picture stands for a number of things.
First read the key: it tells you what one picture is worth.
Count the pictures and multiply by the key to find the total.

Worked example. In a pictograph, one apple picture stands for 5 apples. A shelf shows 4 apple pictures. How many apples?

4 pictures × 5 = 20 apples.

Worked example. In a bar graph, the bar for cricket reaches 8 and the bar for kho-kho reaches 5. Which is liked more, and by how many?

Cricket (8) is taller than kho-kho (5), so cricket is liked more by 8 − 5 = 3 children.

Common mix-up: In a pictograph, half a picture means half the key’s value. Always check the key before you count, or your total will be wrong.

Where you’ll meet it

Asking the class their favourite game and showing it as a graph is real data handling.

A chart of sunny and rainy days over a month is data shown in pictures or bars.

Comparing runs or goals on a bar graph shows at a glance who scored the most.

Check yourself

Ten friendly questions — mostly multiple-choice with one assertion–reason — to check you can read data.

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